Russian troops criticized domestic satellite terminals operating via Yamal-601 and Yamal-602, saying they cannot replace SpaceX’s Starlink in frontline use.
Servicemembers cited setup complexity, unstable connections, high tariffs, large antenna size, and lower-than-advertised data speeds.
Russian military personnel have publicly criticized a domestically promoted satellite communications system presented as an alternative to SpaceX’s Starlink, according to reports circulating in Russian military channels and defense sources.
Russian authorities and industry representatives have previously described locally developed satellite communication projects as substitutes capable of maintaining battlefield connectivity after restrictions affecting Starlink access. However, servicemembers now report that the replacement systems fail to match the performance and usability of the American satellite terminals.
According to accounts attributed to Russian troops, units were instructed to transition to satellite terminals operating through the Yamal-601 and Yamal-602 satellites. Soldiers described operational problems related to setup, reliability, cost, and data performance.
One servicemember explained the configuration process: “It works on a beam system. When setting up the dish, you need a beam code. To find it, you need… internet. The same Starlink, during activation, gives one or two hours of free access for setup, etc.”
Users also described unstable connections during field conditions. “There is no stability at all. The wind blew, snow or rain started, the dish moved, the beam was lost — go set it up again,” one account stated.
Cost was cited as another concern among troops using the system. “Tariffs are very expensive plus the high cost of the dish itself. The guys complain that they bought 50 GB for 6,000 rubles [$80]. Imagine how long that volume lasts for the number of people served by one dish,” a servicemember wrote.
Personnel also raised concerns about the physical size and visibility of the equipment. “There is no compactness. A huge dish that heats up and tells everyone ‘people are here, shoot here,’” the message said.
Connection speed claims were also disputed by users. “The declared 100 Mbps exists only on paper. In reality, it is enough to send a message,” according to the reported feedback.
Russian industry has promoted domestic satellite communication systems as a national alternative to Western commercial networks, emphasizing independence from foreign providers. The Yamal satellite constellation, operated by Russian communications infrastructure, provides broadband coverage across parts of Russia and surrounding regions but relies on fixed-beam satellite architecture rather than low-Earth-orbit networks.
Unlike Starlink’s distributed constellation of low-orbit satellites designed for mobile use, geostationary satellite systems such as Yamal typically require precise antenna alignment and are more sensitive to environmental conditions. These technical characteristics affect deployment flexibility in frontline environments where equipment must be rapidly relocated and concealed.
The criticism emerging from Russian military users highlights operational challenges faced when replacing commercial satellite communications with domestically available systems during active combat operations. Reports indicate that units rely heavily on stable data links for coordination, drone operations, and battlefield communications.
The complaints surfaced amid ongoing efforts by Russian authorities to demonstrate technological self-reliance in communications infrastructure following restrictions on access to foreign systems.
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