Iran has signed a $25 billion agreement with Russia’s state nuclear corporation, Rosatom, to construct four nuclear power plants, the state-run IRNA news agency reported Friday. The move builds on decades of cooperation between the two countries in the nuclear sector and comes as both seek to deepen ties amid Western sanctions.
Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) chief Mohammad Eslami described the partnership as part of a long-standing relationship with Moscow.
“We have good relations with Russia regarding cooperation in the construction of a nuclear power plant,” he said, framing the project as a step forward in Iran’s long-term nuclear strategy.
Iran’s domestic electricity grid has faced repeated shortages during periods of high demand, leaving millions of households and industries vulnerable to blackouts. Expanding nuclear power provides Tehran with an additional source of energy to stabilize the grid while supporting its longer-term 20-year development plan.
The agreement also carries wider geopolitical weight. Israel has long accused Iran of advancing toward nuclear weapons capability, a claim Tehran denies, insisting its program is peaceful. Moscow, meanwhile, has condemned U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities, framing them as destabilizing acts. Against this backdrop, the new partnership highlights how Iran and Russia are using nuclear cooperation as a symbol of defiance against Western pressure.
The $25 billion agreement represents one of Iran’s largest nuclear projects to date and significantly expands cooperation with Russia in both large-scale and small-scale reactor technology. The deal combines the construction of new full-size power plants with a push into small modular reactors, marking a major step in Tehran’s long-term energy strategy.
Four New Nuclear Power Plants
The facilities will be Generation III reactors built on a 500-hectare site in Iran’s southern Hormozgan province. Once completed, they are expected to produce 5,000 megawatts of electricity. By comparison, Bushehr—the country’s only currently operating nuclear facility, also built by Russia—contributes around 1 gigawatt.
Alongside the main deal, the AEOI signed a memorandum of understanding with Rosatom for the construction of small modular reactors (SMRs). Officials said Iran has already conducted studies on SMRs and highlighted the importance of advancing projects in cooperation with Russia as the global energy industry moves in this direction.
Meanwhile, the U.N. Security Council is set to vote Friday on a resolution, proposed by Russia and China, to delay the re-imposition of sanctions on Iran for six months. Diplomats, however, indicated the measure is unlikely to pass. All U.N. sanctions on Iran are currently scheduled to be reinstated at Saturday at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, following a 30-day process triggered by Britain, France and Germany, which accused Tehran of violating the 2015 nuclear agreement designed to prevent it from developing a nuclear weapon.
Ahead of the vote, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi took to X to express the hope that members would support the resolution to delay sanctions. He emphasized that such a decision would favor diplomacy over confrontation and provide space for negotiations to succeed.
Head of Iran’s Atomic Energy Organization Mohammad Eslami: “While reviewing the current cooperation and topics of interest of the two countries, we have been able to make optimal use of the opportunity of strategic cooperation between Iran and Russia.”
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi: “It is a fleeting opportunity for the Council to say ‘No’ to confrontation and ‘Yes’ to cooperation, providing time and space for diplomacy.”
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